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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Green–Kubo relations ： ウィキペディア英語版 Green–Kubo relations The Green–Kubo relations (Melville S. Green 1954, Ryogo Kubo 1957) give the exact mathematical expression for transport coefficients $\backslash gamma$ in terms of integrals of time correlation functions: :$\backslash gamma=\; \backslash int\_0^\backslash infty\; \backslash langle\; \backslash dot(t)\; \backslash dot(0)\; \backslash rangle\; dt$. ==Thermal and mechanical transport processes== Thermodynamic systems may be prevented from relaxing to equilibrium because of the application of a mechanical field (e.g. electric or magnetic field), or because the boundaries of the system are in relative motion (shear) or maintained at different temperatures, etc. This generates two classes of nonequilibrium system: mechanical nonequilibrium systems and thermal nonequilibrium systems. The standard example of a mechanical transport process is Ohm's law, which states that, at least for sufficiently small applied voltages, the current ''I'' is linearly proportional to the applied voltage ''V'', :$I\; =\; \backslash sigma\; V.\backslash ,$ As the applied voltage increases we expect to see deviations from linear behavior. The coefficient of proportionality is the electrical conductance which is the reciprocal of the electrical resistance. The standard example of a mechanical transport process would be Newton's Law of viscosity which states that the shear stress $S\_$ is linearly proportional to the strain rate. The strain rate $\backslash gamma$ is the rate of change streaming velocity in the x-direction, with respect to the y-coordinate, $\backslash gamma\; \backslash \; \backslash stackrel\backslash \; \backslash partial\; u\_x\; /\backslash partial\; y$. Newton's Law of viscosity states :$S\_\; =\; \backslash eta\; \backslash gamma.\backslash ,$ As the strain rate increases we expect to see deviations from linear behavior :$S\_\; =\; \backslash eta\; (\backslash gamma\; )\backslash gamma.\backslash ,$ Another well known thermal transport process is Fourier's Law of Heat conduction, stating that the heat flux between two bodies maintained at different temperatures is proportional to the temperature gradient (the temperature difference divided by the spatial separation). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Green–Kubo relations」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.